Hub: Soil Properties

Disclaimer: Soil parameters provided here are indicative and intended for preliminary use only. Geotechnical properties vary significantly with lithology, fabric, structure, in-situ stress, drainage, rate effects and sample disturbance. All values adopted for assessment or design must be validated and calibrated against site-specific ground investigation, in-situ testing and laboratory testing, and interpreted by a competent geotechnical engineer. No warranty (express or implied) is given regarding accuracy, completeness or fitness for purpose. PHICON, its authors and contributors accept no liability for any loss, damage or consequences arising from use or reliance on this information. Use of this resource constitutes acceptance of these terms.

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Division	Group	Term	Case	SPT \(N\) (–)	\(q_c\) (MPa)	\(\gamma_d\) (kN/m^3)	\(\gamma\) (kN/m^3)	\(E_u\) (MPa)	\(E’\) (MPa)	\(\varphi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{peak}}\) (°)	\(c_{u,\mathrm{peak}}\) (kPa)	\(\nu\) (–)
Organic	Peat	Amorphous	Lower	0.0	0.0	7.85	8.34	0.2	–	20.0	5.0	0.45
Organic	Peat	Amorphous	Typical	1.0	0.5	9.81	10.30	0.5	–	21.0	10.0	0.47
Organic	Peat	Amorphous	Upper	2.0	1.0	11.77	12.26	1	–	22.0	20.0	0.49
Organic	Peat	Fibrous	Lower	2.0	0.5	10.30	11.00	0.5	–	22.0	5.0	0.43
Organic	Peat	Fibrous	Typical	3.5	1.25	12.02	12.37	1.5	–	23.0	10.0	0.46
Organic	Peat	Fibrous	Upper	5.0	2.0	13.73	13.73	3	–	24.0	20.0	0.48
Cohesive	Clay	Extremely low	Lower	0.0	0.0	12.50	12.50	1	–	0.0	2.0	0.15
Cohesive	Clay	Extremely low	Typical	0.5	0.25	14.25	14.25	3	–	0.0	5.0	0.2
Cohesive	Clay	Extremely low	Upper	1.0	0.5	16.00	16.00	5	–	0.0	7.0	0.25
Cohesive	Clay	Very low	Lower	1.0	0.5	13.72	13.72	5	–	0.0	5.0	0.15
Cohesive	Clay	Very low	Typical	2.0	0.75	15.68	15.68	8	–	0.0	10.0	0.2
Cohesive	Clay	Very low	Upper	3.0	1.0	17.64	17.64	12	–	0.0	20.0	0.25
Cohesive	Clay	Low	Lower	3.0	1.0	14.70	15.70	10	–	0.0	20.0	0.15
Cohesive	Clay	Low	Typical	4.5	1.5	16.66	17.17	20	–	0.0	25.0	0.2
Cohesive	Clay	Low	Upper	6.0	2.0	18.62	18.64	30	–	0.0	40.0	0.25
Cohesive	Clay	Medium	Lower	6.0	2.0	16.20	16.70	20	–	0.0	40.0	0.2
Cohesive	Clay	Medium	Typical	9.0	3.0	17.91	18.39	35	–	0.0	50.0	0.35
Cohesive	Clay	Medium	Upper	12.0	4.0	19.62	20.09	50	–	0.0	75.0	0.5
Cohesive	Clay	High	Lower	12.0	4.0	17.60	17.70	40	–	0.0	75.0	0.35
Cohesive	Clay	High	Typical	18.0	6.0	19.10	19.63	60	–	0.0	100.0	0.4
Cohesive	Clay	High	Upper	24.0	8.0	20.60	21.56	90	–	0.0	150.0	0.45
Cohesive	Clay	Very high	Lower	24.0	8.0	19.10	19.60	80	–	0.0	150.0	0.4
Cohesive	Clay	Very high	Typical	32.0	10.0	20.83	21.32	120	–	0.0	200.0	0.45
Cohesive	Clay	Very high	Upper	40.0	12.0	22.56	23.03	180	–	0.0	300.0	0.48
Cohesive	Clay	Extremely high	Lower	40.0	12.0	20.58	20.58	150	–	0.0	300.0	0.45
Cohesive	Clay	Extremely high	Typical	60.0	16.0	22.05	22.05	220	–	0.0	375.0	0.47
Cohesive	Clay	Extremely high	Upper	80.0	20.0	23.52	23.52	300	–	0.0	500.0	0.49
Cohesive	Silt	Extremely low	Lower	0.0	0.0	11.25	12.50	0.8	–	0.0	2.0	0.3
Cohesive	Silt	Extremely low	Typical	0.5	0.25	12.82	14.25	2.4	–	0.0	5.0	0.31
Cohesive	Silt	Extremely low	Upper	1.0	0.5	14.40	16.00	4	–	0.0	7.0	0.32
Cohesive	Silt	Very low	Lower	1.0	0.5	12.35	13.72	4	–	0.0	5.0	0.3
Cohesive	Silt	Very low	Typical	2.0	0.75	14.11	15.68	6.4	–	0.0	10.0	0.32
Cohesive	Silt	Very low	Upper	3.0	1.0	15.88	17.64	9.600000000000001	–	0.0	20.0	0.34
Cohesive	Silt	Low	Lower	3.0	1.0	13.23	14.70	8	–	0.0	20.0	0.3
Cohesive	Silt	Low	Typical	4.5	1.5	14.99	16.66	16	–	0.0	25.0	0.33
Cohesive	Silt	Low	Upper	6.0	2.0	16.76	18.62	24	–	0.0	40.0	0.35
Cohesive	Silt	Medium	Lower	6.0	2.0	14.55	16.17	16	–	0.0	40.0	0.31
Cohesive	Silt	Medium	Typical	9.0	3.0	16.32	18.13	28	–	0.0	50.0	0.34
Cohesive	Silt	Medium	Upper	12.0	4.0	18.08	20.09	40	–	0.0	75.0	0.36
Cohesive	Silt	High	Lower	12.0	4.0	15.88	17.64	32	–	0.0	75.0	0.32
Cohesive	Silt	High	Typical	18.0	6.0	17.64	19.60	48	–	0.0	100.0	0.35
Cohesive	Silt	High	Upper	24.0	8.0	19.40	21.56	72	–	0.0	150.0	0.37
Cohesive	Silt	Very high	Lower	24.0	8.0	17.20	19.11	64	–	0.0	150.0	0.33
Cohesive	Silt	Very high	Typical	32.0	10.0	18.96	21.07	96	–	0.0	200.0	0.36
Cohesive	Silt	Very high	Upper	40.0	12.0	20.73	23.03	144	–	0.0	300.0	0.38
Cohesive	Silt	Extremely high	Lower	40.0	12.0	18.52	20.58	120	–	0.0	300.0	0.34
Cohesive	Silt	Extremely high	Typical	60.0	16.0	19.84	22.05	176	–	0.0	375.0	0.37
Cohesive	Silt	Extremely high	Upper	80.0	20.0	21.17	23.52	240	–	0.0	500.0	0.39
Granular	Silt	Very loose	Lower	0.0	0.0	13.21	17.17	–	0	26.0	0.0	0.28
Granular	Silt	Very loose	Typical	2.0	2.0	14.96	18.27	–	5	28.0	0.0	0.29
Granular	Silt	Very loose	Upper	4.0	4.0	16.71	19.37	–	12	30.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Silt	Loose	Lower	4.0	4.0	13.74	17.66	–	8	28.0	0.0	0.29
Granular	Silt	Loose	Typical	7.0	7.0	15.50	18.64	–	17.5	31.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Silt	Loose	Upper	10.0	10.0	17.25	19.62	–	30	35.0	0.0	0.31
Granular	Silt	Medium dense	Lower	10.0	10.0	14.55	18.15	–	20	29.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Silt	Medium dense	Typical	20.0	20.0	16.44	19.13	–	50	32.0	0.0	0.31
Granular	Silt	Medium dense	Upper	30.0	30.0	18.33	20.11	–	90	37.0	0.0	0.32
Granular	Silt	Dense	Lower	30.0	30.0	15.63	19.13	–	60	30.0	0.0	0.31
Granular	Silt	Dense	Typical	40.0	40.0	17.52	20.11	–	100	33.0	0.0	0.32
Granular	Silt	Dense	Upper	50.0	50.0	19.40	21.09	–	150	40.0	0.0	0.33
Granular	Silt	Very dense	Lower	50.0	50.0	16.98	20.11	–	100	33.0	0.0	0.32
Granular	Silt	Very dense	Typical	75.0	75.0	18.73	21.09	–	187.5	36.0	0.0	0.33
Granular	Silt	Very dense	Upper	100.0	100.0	20.48	22.07	–	300	45.0	0.0	0.34
Granular	Sand	Very loose	Lower	0.0	0.0	12.01	17.17	–	0	25.0	0.0	0.2
Granular	Sand	Very loose	Typical	2.0	2.0	13.60	18.27	–	5	26.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Sand	Very loose	Upper	4.0	4.0	15.19	19.37	–	12	28.0	0.0	0.4
Granular	Sand	Loose	Lower	4.0	4.0	16.68	17.66	–	8	30.0	0.0	0.2
Granular	Sand	Loose	Typical	7.0	7.0	18.15	18.64	–	17.5	32.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Sand	Loose	Upper	10.0	10.0	19.62	19.62	–	30	35.0	0.0	0.4
Granular	Sand	Medium dense	Lower	10.0	10.0	18.10	19.20	–	20	33.0	0.0	0.25
Granular	Sand	Medium dense	Typical	20.0	20.0	19.10	19.90	–	50	34.0	0.0	0.325
Granular	Sand	Medium dense	Upper	30.0	30.0	20.10	20.60	–	90	37.0	0.0	0.4
Granular	Sand	Dense	Lower	30.0	30.0	19.10	20.60	–	60	36.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Sand	Dense	Typical	40.0	40.0	20.10	21.10	–	100	37.0	0.0	0.375
Granular	Sand	Dense	Upper	50.0	50.0	21.10	21.60	–	150	40.0	0.0	0.45
Granular	Sand	Very dense	Lower	50.0	50.0	15.44	20.11	–	100	40.0	0.0	0.38
Granular	Sand	Very dense	Typical	75.0	75.0	17.03	21.09	–	187.5	42.0	0.0	0.4
Granular	Sand	Very dense	Upper	100.0	100.0	18.62	22.07	–	300	45.0	0.0	0.42
Granular	Gravel	Very loose	Lower	0.0	0.0	12.75	16.68	–	0	32.0	0.0	0.25
Granular	Gravel	Very loose	Typical	2.0	2.0	14.22	17.66	–	5	34.0	0.0	0.26
Granular	Gravel	Very loose	Upper	4.0	4.0	15.70	18.64	–	12	38.0	0.0	0.27
Granular	Gravel	Loose	Lower	4.0	4.0	15.70	17.66	–	8	35.0	0.0	0.27
Granular	Gravel	Loose	Typical	7.0	7.0	17.17	19.13	–	17.5	37.0	0.0	0.28
Granular	Gravel	Loose	Upper	10.0	10.0	18.64	20.60	–	30	40.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Gravel	Medium dense	Lower	10.0	10.0	17.66	18.64	–	20	40.0	0.0	0.28
Granular	Gravel	Medium dense	Typical	20.0	20.0	18.64	20.11	–	50	42.0	0.0	0.29
Granular	Gravel	Medium dense	Upper	30.0	30.0	19.62	21.58	–	90	45.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Gravel	Dense	Lower	30.0	30.0	18.64	19.62	–	60	45.0	0.0	0.28
Granular	Gravel	Dense	Typical	40.0	40.0	19.62	21.09	–	100	47.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Gravel	Dense	Upper	50.0	50.0	20.60	22.56	–	150	50.0	0.0	0.32
Granular	Gravel	Very dense	Lower	50.0	50.0	19.62	21.58	–	100	50.0	0.0	0.3
Granular	Gravel	Very dense	Typical	75.0	75.0	21.58	22.56	–	187.5	52.0	0.0	0.31
Granular	Gravel	Very dense	Upper	100.0	100.0	23.54	23.54	–	300	55.0	0.0	0.32
Chalk	Class	Low-density structured (A–C, IDD < 1.55)	Lower	10.0	5.0	14.22	18.15	–	40	30.0	0.0	0.2
Chalk	Class	Low-density structured (A–C, IDD < 1.55)	Typical	17.5	12.5	14.71	18.64	–	60	32.0	0.0	0.25
Chalk	Class	Low-density structured (A–C, IDD < 1.55)	Upper	25.0	20.0	15.21	19.13	–	80	34.0	0.0	0.3
Chalk	Class	Medium-density structured (A–C, 1.55–1.70)	Lower	20.0	10.0	15.21	18.64	–	80	34.0	0.0	0.2
Chalk	Class	Medium-density structured (A–C, 1.55–1.70)	Typical	30.0	25.0	15.94	19.13	–	115	36.0	0.0	0.25
Chalk	Class	Medium-density structured (A–C, 1.55–1.70)	Upper	40.0	40.0	16.68	19.62	–	150	38.0	0.0	0.3
Chalk	Class	High-density structured (A–C, 1.70–1.95)	Lower	35.0	20.0	16.68	19.13	–	150	36.0	0.0	0.2
Chalk	Class	High-density structured (A–C, 1.70–1.95)	Typical	47.5	50.0	17.90	19.62	–	225	38.0	0.0	0.24
Chalk	Class	High-density structured (A–C, 1.70–1.95)	Upper	60.0	80.0	19.13	20.11	–	300	40.0	0.0	0.28
Chalk	Class	Very-high-density structured (A–C, >1.95)	Lower	50.0	40.0	19.13	20.11	–	250	38.0	0.0	0.2
Chalk	Class	Very-high-density structured (A–C, >1.95)	Typical	65.0	95.0	19.62	20.60	–	425	40.0	0.0	0.24
Chalk	Class	Very-high-density structured (A–C, >1.95)	Upper	80.0	150.0	20.11	21.09	–	600	42.0	0.0	0.28
Chalk	Class	Structureless, broken/massive (Dm)	Lower	8.0	0.3	15.21	18.15	5	20	29.0	25.0	0.25
Chalk	Class	Structureless, broken/massive (Dm)	Typical	16.5	1.05	15.94	18.64	17.5	40	31.5	62.5	0.3
Chalk	Class	Structureless, broken/massive (Dm)	Upper	25.0	1.8	16.68	19.13	30	60	34.0	100.0	0.35
Chalk	Class	Structureless putty (Dc)	Lower	0.0	0.1	13.24	16.68	2	5	29.0	10.0	0.3
Chalk	Class	Structureless putty (Dc)	Typical	5.0	0.425	14.22	17.66	6	12.5	30.5	30.0	0.325
Chalk	Class	Structureless putty (Dc)	Upper	10.0	0.75	15.21	18.64	10	20	32.0	50.0	0.35

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